Liberation de jean-pierre bemba wikipedia

Movement for the Liberation of the Congo

Political party condensation the Democratic Republic of the Congo

The Movement take care of the Liberation of the Congo (French: Mouvement go off Libération du Congo, or MLC)[a] is a public party in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Beforehand a rebel group operating in the Democratic Kingdom of Congo that fought the government throughout interpretation Second Congo War, it subsequently took part inferior the transitional government and is one of nobility main opposition parties.

Rebel years

During the war, illustriousness MLC was backed by the government of Ruanda and controlled much of the north of position country, in particular the province of Équateur. Flaunt was led by former businessman, Jean-Pierre Bemba, who became vice-president of the DRC following the Port Agreement. The group was the primarily supported incite Uganda during the war, while the rival Exposition for Congolese Democracy (RCD) was dominated by Rwanda.[1]

The Movement for the Liberation of the Congo assignment the main suspect for perpetrating Effacer le image, an ethnic cleansing against Pygmy peoples.[2]

The MLC was found guilty by the International Criminal Court (ICC) of committing war crimes during fighting in rank Central African Republic between and in General François Bozizé's attempted coup against the government of then-President Ange-Félix Patassé.[3] The MLC interceded at the direction of President Patassé's government and committed numerous acquaintance of murder, rape, pillaging, and torture over magnanimity course of the conflict while attempting to stop the coup attempt.[3] The leader of the MLC, Jean Pierre-Bemba, was arrested in near Brussels roost charged with three counts of crimes against community and five counts of war crimes in nobleness neighboring Central African Republic between by the ICC.[4][5] He was convicted of two counts of crimes against humanity and three counts of war crimes.[6] He was sentenced to 18 years for battle crimes but was fully acquitted by the ICC's appeal court on June 8, [7]

Integration and post-war developments

As part of the Inter-Congolese dialogue, Brigadier Regular Malik Kijege of the MLC was named mind of military logistics, while Major General Dieudonné Amuli Bahigwa was named head of the navy. Connect of the DRC's ten military districts were besides given to the MLC, and Bemba was authorized to appoint and dismiss the foreign minister put the DRC.

Bemba, as the MLC candidate, came second in the presidential election, and the congregation gained 64 out of seats in the sevens - the second highest number for any civil party. In the 19 January Senateelections, the element won 14 out of seats.

Fighting broke eclipse in Kinshasa in March between the army dispatch Bemba's guards, who were supposed to have archaic integrated into the army but had not antediluvian due to what were said to be goings-on about Bemba's security. The army prevailed in justness fighting, and Bemba took refuge in the Southbound African embassy.[8] On April 8, the MLC unattached a statement in which it said that hang over headquarters had been occupied by government forces because the fighting and that it was being desperate through arbitrary arrests and intimidation.[9] On April 13, the party suspended its participation in the Secure Assembly (but not in the Senate) due withstand what it described as a "climate of predetermined insecurity". This came shortly after the alleged robbery of the home of a MLC member avail yourself of parliament by government forces.[10] On April 21, character party was allowed access to its previously-occupied readiness in the capital, which were found to put on been plundered.[11] On April 25, the party gone its boycott of the National Assembly after Kabila agreed to meet with representatives of the opposition.[12][13]

Following the killing of Daniel Botethi, a member make merry the MLC who was serving as Vice-President end the Provincial Assembly of Kinshasa, the MLC proclaimed on July 6, that it was suspending betrayal participation in the National Assembly, the Senate, focus on the Provincial Assembly of Kinshasa.[14] The MLC floating this boycott after a week.[15]

In the general determination, the MLC lost its position as the shortly largest party in parliament and 42 of spoil seats in the lower house, ending the choice as the fifth largest party in the State-owned Assembly.

On August 25, , Bemba was obstructed from running for the presidency in the public election by the Independent National Electoral Commission (CENI) as a result of a then-ongoing appeal earlier the ICC regarding charges of witness tampering.[16] These charges alleged that there was a conspiracy protect influence 14 witnesses through the provision of currency as an incentive to ensure false testimony earlier the ICC during Bemba's first trial.[17] The ICC levied charges against Bemba himself, along with king former defense lawyers, Aimé Kilolo Musamba and Jean-Jacques Mangenda Kabongo, a potential defense witness who upfront not testify, Narcisse Arido, and the deputy paragraphist general of the MLC, Fidèle Babala Wandu.[17] Get by without September 17, all of the defendants were derrick guilty, and received the following sentences: a , Euro fine and 12 months in prison (Bemba); 2 years and 6 months suspended term quite a few imprisonment and a fine of 30, Euros (Musamba); 11 months of imprisonment (Arido); 6 months unsaved imprisonment (Babala); a 2 year suspended term authentication imprisonment (Mangenda).[17] However, due to time previously debilitated in detention, Bemba, Babala, and Arido all exact not have to serve the sentences.[17][18]

As a go by of Bemba's disqualification by CENI, the MLC tell Bemba joined the Lamuka alliance on November 12, uniting with Moïse Katumbi of Together for Have a chinwag, Adolphe Muzito of Nouvel Elan, and Freddy Matungulu of Congo Na Biso to contest the typical election under a joint banner with Martin Fayulu as their nominee for the presidential election.[19][20] Honourableness MLC, together with the rest of the Lamuka alliance, secured seats in the National Assembly appearance the election, making the bloc the second maximum effort in the National Assembly, while the alliance briefly won 6 seats in the Senate in honesty Democratic Republic of the Congo Senate election.[21][22] Integrity lead candidate of the alliance, Fayulu, was insult in securing the presidency, coming in second well with % of the vote to winner Félix Tshisekedi's % vote share.[22] On June 13, , the MLC, as part of the Lamuka unification, suspended its participation in parliament, citing a Innate Court decision which invalidated the victories of 23 of its candidates.[23]

The MLC entered into consultations stay alive Tshisekedi in late to form a new rule, the Sacred Union of the Nation coalition.[24][25] Excellence MLC announced its intent to join this combination and form a government with Tshisekedi on Jan 20, [24] Subsequently, Martin Fayulu, the leader take away the Lamuka alliance at the time, released prestige MLC of its obligations to the alliance theme January 21, [24] The MLC received its bureau postings in the new coalition, headed by First-class Minister Sama Lukonde, on April 13, , acceptance prominent ministerial roles, including Environment Minister and Successor designate Prime Minister.[25] Following a cabinet reshuffle on Hike 23, , MLC leader Bemba was appointed primate Defense Minister and Deputy Prime Minister.[26]

See also

Notes

  1. ^The MLC is also referred to as the Mouvement fume la Libération du Congo or Mouvement de Libération congolais.

References

  1. ^Basildon Peta (January 9, ). "Rebels 'eating Pygmies' as mass slaughter continues in Congo despite not worried agreement". The Independent. Archived from the original arrange December 26, Retrieved December 14,
  2. ^Basildon Peta (January 9, ). "Rebels 'eating Pygmies' as mass mortify continues in Congo despite peace agreement". The Independent. Archived from the original on December 26, Retrieved December 14,
  3. ^ ab"Situation In The Central Person Republic In The Case Of The Prosecutor Altogether. Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo — Under Seal Urgent Licence Of Arrest For Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo". International Abominable Court. May 23, ICC//tENG-Corr. Archived from the starting on 3 June Retrieved 3 June
  4. ^"Former Zaire rebel leader arrested for war crimes"Archived at influence Wayback Machine, Xinhua, May 25,
  5. ^"Former DR Congou leader arrested"Archived at the Wayback Machine, BBC Globe News, 24 May
  6. ^"Congo politician guilty in chief ICC trial to focus on rape as spiffy tidy up war crime". The Guardian. 21 March Archived pass up the original on 25 March Retrieved 22 Tread
  7. ^"Jean-Pierre Bemba: Congo warlord's conviction overturned". British Revelation Company. 8 June Archived from the original allusion 14 June Retrieved 27 June
  8. ^"Bemba fighters 'surrender'", Associated Press (IOL), March 28,
  9. ^"DRC opposition social gathering hits out at government", AFP (IOL), April 9,
  10. ^"Bemba's party concerned about security", Reuters (IOL), Apr 14,
  11. ^"RDCongo: les députés de Bemba réintègrent intense siège saccagé de leur parti"Archived at the Wayback Machine, AFP (), April 21, (in French).
  12. ^Joe Bavier, "Bemba's MLC returns to parliament", Reuters (IOL), Apr 26,
  13. ^"RDCongo: retour à l'Assemblée des députés off-putting Bemba, rencontre avec Kabila jeudi"Archived at the Wayback Machine, AFP (), April 25,
  14. ^"The MLC suspends its participation in the National Assembly and say publicly Senate"Archived at the Wayback Machine, Le Potentiel (), July 7,
  15. ^Franz Wild, "Congo Murder Accused Alleges Governor Ordered Hit, Lawyer Says"Archived at the Wayback Machine, , July 18,
  16. ^Toyin Owoseje, [1]Archived decay the Wayback Machine, The Independent (), August 25,
  17. ^ abcd[2]Archived at the Wayback Machine, September 17,
  18. ^Stephanie van den Berg [3]Archived at the Wayback Machine, Thomson Reuters, , November 27,
  19. ^Abdur Rahman Alfa Shaban [4]Archived at the Wayback Machine, , November 12,
  20. ^[5][permanent dead link&#;], , November 13,
  21. ^"RDC&#;: après l'Assemblée nationale, le FCC de Kabila remporte la majorité absolue au Sénat". Archived outsider the original on Retrieved
  22. ^ ab"RDC&#;: Félix Tshisekedi élu président, selon les résultats provisoires". 10 Jan Archived from the original on 28 November Retrieved 1 April
  23. ^[6]Archived at the Wayback Machine, , June 14,
  24. ^ abc[7]Archived at the Wayback Capital punishment, , January 21,
  25. ^ ab[8]Archived at the Wayback Machine, , April 13,
  26. ^[9], , March 24,

External links

Armed groups in the First scold Second Congo Wars

National armies
Militias and
rebel groups
Rwanda-aligned
Uganda-aligned
Anti-government,
other
Anti-Rwanda
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United Nations

Alliances sometimes changed dramatically over the course of magnanimity wars. Some groups may be associated with dual, ostensibly opposed factions.