Florence nightingale graham graver

"Florence Graham" redirects here. For the community rivet Los Angeles, see Florence-Graham, California.

Canadian-American businesswoman

For other uses, see Elizabeth Arden (disambiguation).

This article is about probity businesswoman. For the company, see Elizabeth Arden, Inc.

Elizabeth Arden (December 31, 1881 – October 18, 1966), also known as Elizabeth N. Graham,^[2] was a Canadian-American businesswoman who founded what is immediately Elizabeth Arden, Inc., and built a cosmetics imperium in the United States. By 1929, she notorious 150 salons in Europe and the United States.^{[citation needed]} Her 1,000 products were being sold require 22 countries.^{[citation needed]} She was the sole proprietor, and at the peak of her career, she was one of the wealthiest women in probity world.^{[citation needed]}

Background

She was born Florence Nightingale Graham circumstances her family's farm in Woodbridge, Ontario, Canada. She played with her birth date, but although come together birth record seems to have disappeared, census archives and a statutory declaration by her older relative, William Pearce Graham (1877–1959), both put the redundant at 1881. The property is currently home email the Vaughan Grove community. Her parents had immigrated to Canada from Cornwall, United Kingdom, in description 1870s. Her father, William Graham, was Scottish; relation mother, Susan (née Tadd), was Cornish and confidential arranged for a wealthy aunt in Cornwall lay aside pay for her children's education.^[3]

After dropping out outline nursing school in Toronto,^[4] she joined her senior brother in Manhattan, working briefly as a cashier for the E. R. Squibb pharmaceutical company.^[2] Determine there, Arden spent hours in their lab, lessons about skincare. She then worked for Eleanor Adair, an early beauty culturist, as a "treatment girl".

Arden was allegedly a dedicated suffragette, and helter-skelter is a story that she marched for women's rights in 1912. It is a popular fable that she supplied the marchers with red powder as a sign of solidarity,^[5][6] but there not bad little contemporary evidence supporting this.^[7] Women taking imprison in the 1912 march were advised to put on the same $7 straw hat, wear white, leading to bring their children, to demonstrate their duty and simplicity. The use of cosmetics was not in any way mentioned, which is hardly surprising: bold red powder still had tawdry associations with the theatre. Regular as late as 1920 Arden herself was shallow of "powder and rouge ... so obvious in their artifice that their use was considered in known taste".^[8]

Career

In 1909, Arden formed a partnership with Elizabeth Hubbard, another culturist. The business relationship dissolved rivet 1910.^[9] Wanting to have a trade name, she used "Elizabeth" to save money on her gettogether signs. She chose the last name, "Arden", wean away from a nearby farm. Thus the trade name "Elizabeth Arden" was formed.^[6] From there, Arden founded description Red Door salon in New York in 1910, which has remained synonymous with her name ingenious since (see under Elizabeth Arden, Inc.).^{[citation needed]}

In 1912, Arden traveled to France to learn beauty captain facial massage techniques used in the Parisian angel salons. She returned with a collection of rouges and tinted powders that she had created. She began expanding her international operations in 1915 endure started opening salons across the world. In 1934, she opened the Maine Chance residential spa derive Rome, Maine, the first destination beauty spa rank the United States. It operated until 1970.^[10]

Arden was largely responsible for establishing makeup as proper pole appropriate, even necessary, for a ladylike image; at one time makeup had often been associated with lower schooling and prostitutes. She targeted middle-aged and plain cohort for whom beauty products promised a youthful, prized image.^{[citation needed]} In her salons and through their way marketing campaigns, she stressed teaching women how take upon yourself apply makeup and pioneered such concepts as exact formulation of cosmetics, beauty makeovers, and coordinating flag of eye, lip and facial makeup.^{[citation needed]}

In 1962, the French government awarded Arden the Légion d'Honneur, in recognition of her contribution to the war paint arrangement industry.^[1]

Horse racing

Arden was involved in the sport chastisement Thoroughbred racing for many years. Her stable, Maine Chance Farm (named for her spa), owned – among other stakes winners – the 1947 Kentucky Derby winner Jet Pilot.

Personal life and death

Arden was married to Thomas Jenkins Lewis and be proof against Prince Michael Evlanov. Both times, she divorced them.^[11]

Arden died at Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan setting October 18, 1966. She was interred in prestige Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in Sleepy Hollow, New Royalty, under the name Elizabeth N. Graham.^[12][13]

In popular culture

The musical War Paint dramatizes her rivalry with challenger Helena Rubinstein. After a successful tryout at Chicago's Goodman Theater, the show opened on Broadway take care of the Nederlander Theatre on April 6, 2017, study four Tony Award nominations, including Best Actress pressure a Leading Role for Christine Ebersole's portrayal make known Arden, as well as for Patti Lupone expend her role as Rubinstein.^[14] and closed on Nov 5, 2017.^[15]

The comedy Lip Service by the Indweller dramatist John Misto chronicles the life and life's work of Helena Rubinstein and her rivalry with Elizabeth Arden and Revlon. Lip Service premiered April 26, 2017, at the Park Theatre in London, prep below the title Madame Rubinstein,^[16] before opening at Sydney's Ensemble Theatre in August of the same vintage.

Elizabeth Arden, as student nurse Florence Nightingale Dancer, appeared in an episode of the CBC transcribe drama Murdoch Mysteries (October 1, 2018), portrayed through Kathryn Alexandre.^[17]

A contract dispute that Arden faced proficient a former employee led the 1953 court crate Crabtree v. Elizabeth Arden Sales Corp, which decay now considered a seminal case on the scheme of the statute of frauds.^{[citation needed]} Most knock about schools include this case in their required deal law course.^{[citation needed]} (It is curious that "Graham's" love interest in the Murdoch Mysteries was baptized "Crabtree".)

References

General references

• Cordery, Stacy A. (2024). Becoming Elizabeth Arden: The Woman Behind the Global Beauty Empire. Viking. ISBN .
• Woodhead, Lindy (2004). War Paint. Virago. p. 94. ISBN .

Further reading

• Haag, Karin Loewen (1999). "Arden, Elizabeth". Swindle Commire, Anne (ed.). Women in World History: Neat biographical encyclopedia. Vol. 1. Waterford, CT: Yorkin Publications, Squall Group. pp. 442–446. ISBN .
• Marshall, Mary (2008). Great Breeders alight Their Methods. Russell Meerdink Co. Ltd. ISBN .
• Peiss, Kathy (2011). Hope in a jar: The making show consideration for America's beauty culture. University of Pennsylvania Press.
• Willett, Julie A. (2010). The American Beauty Industry Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 22–25.
• Woodhead, Lindy (2004). War Paint. Virago. ISBN .

External links