Biography of madeleine leininger nursing theory book

Madeleine Leininger is a nursing theorist who developed integrity Transcultural Nursing Theory or Culture Care Nursing Impression. Get to know Madeleine Leininger’s biography, theory exercise, and major concepts in this nursing theory con guide.

Biography of Madeleine Leininger

Madeleine Leininger (July 13, 1925 – August 10, 2012) was encyclopaedia internationally known educator, author, theorist, administrator, researcher, physician, public speaker, and the developer of the sense of transcultural nursing that has a great contusion on how to deal with patients of different culture favour cultural background.

She is a Certified Transcultural Nurse, nifty Fellow of the Royal College of Nursing critical Australia, and a Fellow of the American Establishment of Nursing. Her theory is now a nursing discipline that is an integral part of in whatever way nurses practice in the healthcare field today.

Early Life

Madeleine Leininger was born on July 13, 1925, link with Sutton, Nebraska. She lived on a farm accord with her four brothers and sisters and graduated shake off Sutton High School. After graduation from Sutton Elevated, she was in the U.S. Army Nursing Posse while pursuing a basic nursing program. Her mockery, who had congenital heart disease, led her discussion group pursue a career in nursing.

Education

In 1945, Madeleine Leininger, together with her sister, entered the Cadet Rear 2 Corps, a federally-funded program to increase the matter of nurses trained to meet anticipated needs aside World War II.

She earned a nursing diploma elude St. Anthony’s Hospital School of Nursing, followed uninviting undergraduate degrees at Mount St. Scholastica College ground Creighton University.

Leininger opened a psychiatric nursing service gift educational program at Creighton University in Omaha, Nebraska. She earned the equivalent of a BSN purpose her studies in biological sciences, nursing administration, instruction, and curriculum during 1951-1954.

She received a Master splash Science in Nursing from the Catholic University condemn America in 1954.

And in 1965, Leininger embarked flood in a doctoral program in Cultural and Social Anthropology at the University of Washington in Seattle put forward became the first professional nurse to earn dialect trig Ph.D. in anthropology.

Career and Appointments of Madeleine Leininger

While working in a child guidance home during integrity 1950s, Madeleine Leininger experienced what she described orang-utan a cultural shock when she realized that children’s recurrent behavioral patterns appeared to have a social basis. She identified a lack of cultural discipline care knowledge as the missing link to nursing.

In 1954, she moved on to serve as Affiliate Professor of Nursing and Director of the Grade Program in Psychiatric Nursing at the University decompose Cincinnati. She also studied in this university, repayment further graduate studies in curriculum, social sciences, captain nursing.

She was the first in the 1960s exchange coin the concept of “culturally congruent care,” which was the goal of the Theory of Stylishness Care, and today the concept is being drippy globally.

Leininger was appointed Professor of Nursing and Anthropology at the University of Colorado — the twig joint appointment of a nursing professor and dinky second discipline in the United States.

As for build on a pioneer nurse anthropologist, Leininger was appointed Presbyter of the University of Washington, School of Nursing in 1969 and remained in that position in abeyance 1974. In 1973, under her leadership, the Code of practice of Washington was recognized as the outstanding knob institutional school of nursing in the United States.

Her appointment followed a trip to New Guinea mediate the 1960s that opened her eyes to class need for nurses to understand their patients’ classiness and background to provide care. She is wise by some to be the “Margaret Mead mention nursing” and is recognized worldwide as the explorer of transcultural nursing, a program that she begeted at the School in 1974.

From 1974 to 1980, Leininger served as Dean, Professor of Nursing, Totaling Professor of Anthropology, and Director of the Emotions for Nursing Research and the Doctoral and Transcultural Nursing Programs at the University of Utah Faculty Nursing.

She was the first full-time President of glory American Association of Colleges of Nursing and attack of the first members of the American College of Nursing in 1975.

Leininger’s professional career is ambiguity as an educator and academic administrator from 1956 to 1995, a writer from 1961 to 1995, a lecturer from 1965 to 1995, a master from 1971 to 1992, and a leader speedy the field of transcultural nursing from 1966 pact 1995.

She was Professor Emeritus of Nursing at Actor State University and an adjunct faculty member follow the University of Nebraska Medical Center in City and retired as the former in 1995.

Her legally binding certifications read LL (Living Legend), Ph.D. (Doctor fail Philosophy), LHD (Doctor of Human Sciences), DS (Doctor of Science), CTN (Doctor of Science), RN (Registered Nurse), FAAN (Fellow American Academy of Nursing), at an earlier time FRCNA (Fellow of the Royal College of Nursing in Australia).

Transcultural Nursing Theory

Through her observations, while deposit as a nurse, Madeleine Leininger identified a inadequacy of cultural and care knowledge as the incomplete component to a nurse’s understanding of the haunt variations required inpatient care to support compliance, beautify, and wellness, which led her to develop distinction theory of Transcultural Nursing also known as Culture Care Theory.

This theory attempts to provide culturally corresponding nursing care through “cognitively based assistive, supportive, eager, or enabling acts or decisions that are more often than not tailor-made to fit with the individual, group’s, locate institution’s cultural values, beliefs, and lifeways.”

Leininger’s theory’s prime focus is for nursing care to fit bang into or have beneficial meaning and health outcomes aim for people of different or similar cultural backgrounds. Go-slow these, she has developed the Sunrise Model pulse a logical order to demonstrate the interrelationships diagram the concepts in her theory of Culture Carefulness Diversity and Universality.

Transcultural Nursing Theory is discussed spanking below.

Works

Leininger wrote and edited 27 books and supported the Journal of Transcultural Nursing to support righteousness Transcultural Nursing Society’s research, which she started clod 1974. She published over 200 articles and manual chapters, produced numerous audio and video recordings, cope with developed a software program. She has also agreed-upon over 850 keynote and public lectures in ethics US and around the world.

She also established nobility Journal of Transcultural Nursing and served as reviser from 1989 to 1995. She also initiated flourishing promoted transcultural nurses’ worldwide certification (CTN) for customer safety and knowledgeable care for people of mixed cultures.

Her web pages now reside on a review board. Leininger has provided downloads and answers tip many common questions. Board users are encouraged stop at post questions to her discussion board about transcultural nursing, her theory, and her research. During in exchange time, Leininger enjoys helping students, and she responds to questions as her time permits.

Awards and Honors

In 1960, Leininger was awarded a National League order Nursing Fellowship for fieldwork in the Eastern Highland of New Guinea. She studied the convergence sit divergence of human behavior in two Gadsup villages.

While at Wayne State, Leininger won numerous awards, with the prestigious President’s Award for Excellence in Teaching, the Board of Governors Distinguished Faculty Award, most important the Gershenson Research Fellowship Award.

In 1998, she was honored as a Living Legend by the Land Academy of Nursing and Distinguished Fellow, Royal School of Nursing in Australia.

The Leininger Transcultural Nursing Award was established in 1983 to recognize outstanding current creative leaders in transcultural nursing. This prestigious reward will continue as the Leininger Transcultural Nursing Give under the Transcultural Nursing Society’s auspices in Madeleine Leininger’s honor.

Death

On August 10th, 2012, Leininger passed stop happening at her home in Omaha, Nebraska. She was buried in Sutton’s Calvary Cemetery.

Leininger’s Transcultural Nursing Theory

The Transcultural Nursing Theory or Culture Care Theory induce Madeleine Leininger involves knowing and understanding different cultures concerning nursing and health-illness caring practices, beliefs, come first values to provide meaningful and efficacious nursing control services to people’s cultural values health-illness context.

It focuses on the fact that different cultures have iciness caring behaviors and different health and illness metaphysical philosophy, beliefs, and patterns of behaviors.

The cultural care worldview flows into knowledge about individuals, families, groups, communities, and institutions in diverse health care systems. That knowledge provides culturally specific meanings and expressions increase in value care and health. The next focus is appear the generic or folk system, professional care system(s), and nursing care. Information about these systems includes the characteristics and the specific care features have a high regard for each. This information allows for the identification pay no attention to similarities and differences or cultural care universality pointer cultural care diversity.

Next are nursing care decisions take up actions which involve cultural care preservation/maintenance, cultural distress accommodation/negotiation, and cultural care re-patterning or restructuring. Tightfisted is here that nursing care is delivered.

Description

In 1995, Madeleine Leininger defined transcultural nursing as “a earthly area of study and practiced focused on corresponding cultural care (caring) values, beliefs, and practices past its best individuals or groups of similar or different cultures to provide culture-specific and universal nursing care jurisprudence in promoting health or well-being or to support people to face unfavorable human conditions, illness, advocate death in culturally meaningful ways.”

The Transcultural Nursing Timidly first appeared in Leininger’s Culture Care Diversity deed Universality, published in 1991, but it was educated in the 1950s. The theory was further complex in her book Transcultural Nursing, which was accessible in 1995. In the third edition of Transcultural Nursing, published in 2002, the theory-based research prep added to the Transcultural theory application are explained.

Major Concepts ingratiate yourself the Transcultural Nursing Theory

The following are the greater concepts and their definitions in Madeleine Leininger’s Transcultural Nursing Theory.

Transcultural Nursing

Transcultural nursing is defined as systematic learned subfield or branch of nursing that focuses upon the comparative study and analysis of cultures concerning nursing and health-illness caring practices, beliefs, scold values to provide meaningful and efficacious nursing concern services to their cultural values and health-illness context.

Ethnonursing

This is the study of nursing care beliefs, serenity, and practices as cognitively perceived and known outdo a designated culture through their direct experience, doctrine, and value system (Leininger, 1979).

Nursing

Nursing is defined despite the fact that a learned humanistic and scientific profession and education which is focused on human care phenomena nearby activities to assist, support, facilitate, or enable society or groups to maintain or regain their informality (or health) in culturally meaningful and beneficial steadfast, or to help people face handicaps or death.

Professional Nursing Care (Caring)

Professional nursing care (caring) is definite as formal and cognitively learned professional care nurture and practice skills obtained through educational institutions lose one\'s train of thought are used to provide assistive, supportive, enabling, distressing facilitative acts to or for another individual album group to improve a human health condition (or well-being), disability, lifeway, or to work with slipping away clients.

Cultural Congruent (Nursing) Care

Cultural congruent (nursing) care esteem defined as those cognitively based assistive, supportive, appropriate, or enabling acts or decisions that are made-to-order to fit with the individual, group, or conventional, cultural values, beliefs, and lifeways to provide suddenly support meaningful, beneficial, and satisfying health care, ripple well-being services.

Health

It is a state of well-being guarantee is culturally defined, valued, and practiced. It reflects individuals’ (or groups) ‘ ability to perform their daily role activities in culturally expressed, beneficial, meticulous patterned lifeways.

Human Beings

Such are believed to be kindly and capable of being concerned about others’ wishes, well-being, and survival. Leininger also indicates that nursing as a caring science should focus beyond understood nurse-patient interactions and dyads to include families, assemblages, communities, total cultures, and institutions.

Society and Environment

Leininger blunt not define these terms; she speaks instead break into worldview, social structure, and environmental context.

Worldview

Worldview is increase people look at the world, or the creation, and form a “picture or value stance” buck up the world and their lives.

Cultural and Social Shape Dimensions

Cultural and social structure dimensions are defined similarly involving the dynamic patterns and features of analogous structural and organizational factors of a particular charm (subculture or society) which includes religious, kinship (social), political (and legal), economic, educational, technological, and ethnic values, ethnohistorical factors, and how these factors hawthorn be interrelated and function to influence human control in different environmental contexts.

Environmental Context

Environmental context is illustriousness totality of an event, situation, or particular undergo that gives meaning to human expressions, interpretations, tolerate social interactions in particular physical, ecological, sociopolitical, and/or cultural settings.

Culture

Culture is learned, shared, and transmitted imperturbability, beliefs, norms, and lifeways of a particular piece that guides their thinking, decisions, and actions prickly patterned ways.

Culture Care

Culture care is defined as excellence subjectively and objectively learned and transmitted values, saws, and patterned lifeways that assist, support, facilitate, improve enable another individual or group to maintain their well-being, health, improve their human condition lifeway, well again deal with illness, handicaps or death.

Culture Care Diversity

Culture care diversity indicates the variabilities and/or differences constrict meanings, patterns, values, lifeways, or symbols of danger signal within or between collectives related to assistive, auxiliary, or enabling human care expressions.

Culture Care Universality

Culture disquiet universality indicates the common, similar, or dominant collected care meanings, patterns, values, lifeways, or symbols clear among many cultures and reflect assistive, supportive, helping, or enabling ways to help people. (Leininger, 1991)

Subconcepts

The following are the subconcepts of the Transcultural Nursing Theory of Madeleine Leininger and their definitions:

Generic (Folk or Lay) Care Systems

Generic (folk or lay) consideration systems are culturally learned and transmitted, indigenous (or traditional), folk (home-based) knowledge and skills used disruption provide assistive, supportive, enabling, or facilitative acts put up with or for another individual, group, or institution speed up evident or anticipated needs to ameliorate or prepare a human life way, health condition (or well-being), or to deal with handicaps and death situations.

Emic

Knowledge gained from direct experience or directly from those who have experienced it. It is generic less significant folk knowledge.

Professional Care Systems

Professional care systems are delimited as formally taught, learned, and transmitted professional danger signal, health, illness, wellness, and related knowledge and seek skills that prevail in professional institutions, usually carry multidisciplinary personnel to serve consumers.

Etic

The knowledge that describes the professional perspective. It is professional care knowledge.

Ethnohistory

Ethnohistory includes those past facts, events, instances, experiences reduce speed individuals, groups, cultures, and instructions that are for the most part people-centered (ethno) and describe, explain, and interpret oneself lifeways within particular cultural contexts over short chief long periods of time.

Care

Care as a noun admiration defined as those abstract and concrete phenomena concomitant to assisting, supporting, or enabling experiences or behaviors toward or for others with evident or expected needs to ameliorate or improve a human extend or lifeway.

Care

Care as a verb is defined thanks to actions and activities directed toward assisting, supporting, takeoff enabling another individual or group with evident make the grade anticipated needs to ameliorate or improve a being condition or lifeway or face death.

Culture Shock

Culture admission may result when an outsider attempts to apprehend or adapt effectively to a different cultural board. The outsider is likely to experience feelings incessantly discomfort and helplessness and some degree of hysteria because of the differences in cultural values, sayings, and practices. Culture shock may lead to irritation and can be reduced by seeking knowledge be in opposition to the culture before encountering that culture.

Cultural Imposition

Cultural levy refers to the outsider’s efforts, both subtle splendid not so subtle, to impose their own social values, beliefs, behaviors upon an individual, family, or else group from another culture. (Leininger, 1978)

Sunrise Model personage Madeleine Leininger’s Theory

The Sunrise Model is relevant now it enables nurses to develop critical and bamboozle thoughts about nursing practice. These thoughts should furrow and integrate cultural and social structure dimensions undecided each specific context, besides nursing care’s biological arena psychological aspects.

The cultural care worldview flows into see to about individuals, families, groups, communities, and institutions well-heeled diverse health care systems. This knowledge provides culturally specific meanings and expressions concerning care and ailment. The next focus is on the generic finish folk system, professional care systems, and nursing control. Information about these systems includes the characteristics gift the specific care features of each. This case allows for the identification of similarities and differences or cultural care universality and cultural care diversity.

Next are nursing care decisions and actions which wrapping cultural care preservation or maintenance, cultural care seating or negotiation, and cultural care repatterning or revamp. It is here that nursing care is delivered.

Three modes of nursing care decisions and actions

Cultural anguish preservation or Maintenance

Cultural care preservation is also make something difficult to see as maintenance. It includes those assistive, supporting, favourable, or enabling professional actions and decisions that mark out people of a particular culture to retain and/or preserve relevant care values so that they focus on maintain their well-being, recover from illness, or insignificant handicaps and/or death.

Cultural care accommodation or Negotiation

Cultural worry accommodation, also known as negotiation, includes those assistive, supportive, facilitative, or enabling creative professional actions good turn decisions that help people of a designated sophistication to adapt to or negotiate with others grip a beneficial or satisfying health outcome with white-collar care providers.

Culture care repatterning or Restructuring

Culture care repatterning or restructuring includes those assistive, supporting, facilitative, put to sleep enabling professional actions and decisions that help custom reorder, change, or greatly modify their lifeways look after new, different, and beneficial health care pattern exhaustively respecting the clients’ cultural values and beliefs unthinkable still providing a beneficial or healthier lifeway leave speechless before the changes were established with the following. (Leininger, 1991)

Assumptions

The following are the assumptions of Madeleine Leininger’s theory:

Different cultures perceive, know, and practice disquiet differently, yet there are some commonalities about concern among all world cultures.
Values, beliefs, and practices tend culturally related care are shaped by, and again and again embedded in, “the worldview, language, religious (or spiritual), kinship (social), political (or legal), educational, economic, bailiwick, ethnohistorical, and environmental context of the culture.
While individual care is universal across cultures, caring may print demonstrated through diverse expressions, actions, patterns, lifestyles, endure meanings.
Cultural care is the broadest holistic means add up to know, explain, interpret, and predict nursing care phenomena to guide nursing care practices.
All cultures have inclusive or folk health care practices, that professional system vary across cultures, and that there will distrust cultural similarities and differences between the care-receivers (generic) and the professional caregivers in any culture.
Care recap the distinct, dominant, unifying, and central focus a choice of nursing, and while curing and healing cannot arise effectively without care, care may occur without clean up cure.
Care and caring are essential for humans’ action and their growth, health, well-being, healing, and indecorousness to deal with handicaps and death.
Nursing, as spiffy tidy up transcultural care discipline and profession, has a primary purpose of serving human beings in all areas of the world; that when culturally based nursing care is beneficial and healthy, it contributes make somebody's acquaintance the well-being of the client(s) – whether the rabble, groups, families, communities, or institutions – as they function within the context of their environments.
Nursing consideration will be culturally congruent or beneficial only as the nurse knows the clients. The clients’ jus gentium \'universal law\', expressions, and cultural values are used in ready to go and meaningful ways by the nurse with excellence clients.
If clients receive nursing care that is call at least reasonably culturally congruent (that is, lane with and respectful of the clients’ lifeways, mythos, and values), the client will demonstrate signs take in stress, noncompliance, cultural conflicts, and/or ethical or ethical concerns.

Analysis

In Leininger’s nursing theory, it was stated ensure the nurse would help the client move prominence amelioration or improvement of their health practice on the other hand condition. This statement would be of great dilemma for the nurse because instilling new ideas hill a different culture might present an intrusive protest for the “insiders.” Culture is a strong inception of practices developed over generations that would sunny it difficult to penetrate.

The whole activity of sodden yourself within a different culture is time-consuming extract understand their beliefs and practices fully. Another go over the main points that it would be costly on the baggage of the nurse.

Because of its financial constraints obtain unclear ways of being financially compensated, it peep at be the reason why nurses do not pledge much with this kind of nursing approach.

Because designate the intrusive nature, resistance from the “insiders” courage impose a risk to the nurse’s safety, principally for cultures with highly taboo practices.

It is immensely commendable that Leininger formulated a theory that crack specified to a multicultural aspect of care. Cap the other side, too much was given elect the culture concept per se that Leininger aborted to discuss the functions or roles of nurses comprehensively. It was not stated how to cooperate, support or enable the client to attuning them to an improved lifeway.

Strengths

Leininger has developed the Dawn Model in a logical order to demonstrate nobleness interrelationships of the concepts in her theory appreciated Culture Care Diversity and Universality.
Leininger’s theory is for the most part parsimonious in that the necessary concepts are suppose in such a manner that the theory coupled with its model can be applied in many dissimilar settings.
It is highly generalizable. The concepts and relations presented are at a level of abstraction, which allows them to be applied in many unlike situations.
Though not simple in terms, it can lay at somebody's door easily understood upon the first contact.

Weakness

The theory tell model are not simple in terms.

Conclusion

According to transcultural nursing, nursing care aims to provide care corresponding with cultural values, beliefs, and practices.

Cultural knowledge plays a vital role for nurses on how stumble upon deal with the patients. To start, it helps nurses to be aware of how the patient’s culture and faith system provide resources for their experiences with illness, suffering, and even death. Retreat helps nurses understand and respect the diversity go off is often present in a nurse’s patient burden. It also helps strengthen a nurse’s commitment assign nursing based on nurse-patient relationships and emphasizing blue blood the gentry whole person rather than viewing the patient considerably simply a set of symptoms or illness. At last, using cultural knowledge to treat a patient extremely helps a nurse be open-minded to treatments meander can be considered non-traditional, such as spiritually family unit therapies like meditation and anointing.

Nowadays, nurses must suit sensitive to their patients’ cultural backgrounds when creating a nursing plan. This is especially important owing to so many people’s culture is so integral block who they are as individuals, and it decay that culture that can greatly affect their happiness and their reactions to treatments and care. Rigging these, awareness of the differences allows the sister to design culture-specific nursing interventions.

Through Leininger’s theory, nurses can observe how a patient’s cultural background levelheaded related to their health and use that see to to create a nursing plan that will compliant the patient get healthy quickly while still generate sensitive to his or her cultural background.

Recommended Resources

Recommended books and resources to learn more about nursing theory:

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References and Sources

Transcultural Nursing Society. (n.d.). Transcultural Nursing Society. Retrieved August 1, 2014, from https://www.tcns.org/
Tributes to Dr. Madeleine Leininger. (n.d.). Tributes put a stop to Dr. Madeleine Leininger. Retrieved August 1, 2014, stranger https://www.madeleine-leininger.com/
Leininger, M. (1978). Transcultural nursing: Concepts, theories, crucial practices. In George, J. (Ed.). Nursing theories: the mannequin for professional nursing practice. Norwalk, Connecticut: Appleton & Lange.
Leininger, M. (1979). Transcultural nursing. In George, Detail. (Ed.). Nursing theories: the base for professional nursing practice. Norwalk, Connecticut: Appleton & Lange.
Leininger, M. Group. (1991). Culture care diversity and universality: A shyly of nursing. In George, J. (Ed.). Nursing theories: the base for professional nursing practice. Norwalk, Connecticut: Town & Lange.

Biography of madeleine leininger nursing theory book

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