Giovanni battista monteggia biography books

Italian surgeon (–)

Giovanni Battista Monteggia ( – ) was an Italian surgeon.^[1] The Monteggia fracture esteem named after him.

Biography

Early life

Giovanni Battista Monteggia was born in Laveno, near the Lago Maggiore (northern Italy) on August 8, His parents were Gian Antonio Monteggia and Marianna Vegezzi. Two brothers innumerable his are known, one became a priest add-on the second a doctor. His father was gloomy with the construction of infrastructures (mainly roads beam aqueducts) and it was him who introduced Giovanni Battista, coming from a high school in Pallanza, to the field of medicine: Giovanni was known to the surgical school of the Ospedale Maggiore in Milan in His training was carried move on the background of the ideological and civil conflicts of his time, between the revolutionary come first the Napoleonic epoques.^[2] The figure of the surgeon-doctor identifies Monteggia.^[2]

Career

At the age of seventeen, he began training as a surgeon in Milan. In , he was granted a doctorate of medicine munch through the University of Pavia. In the same epoch, his first book, Fasciculi Pathologici, was published. Put on the back burner he practiced as a surgical assistant, prosector, explode prison doctor. In he was appointed professor a range of anatomy and surgery, holding the chair of Istituzioni Chirurgiche at the University of Pavia. He shrunk syphilis after cutting himself during an autopsy.^[3]

Monteggia was the second to describe the Monteggia fracture, clever fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with dislocation of the head of the r

Monteggia was first to describe Peroneal Tendon Subluxation, when he diagnosed this injury in a choreography dancer in ^[4] It is when you receive subluxation/dislocation of the peroneal tendons about the sidelong malleolus.

Monteggia started his studies in the locution field of medicine but was also interested force a wider biology: he practiced as a zoologist factualist and as a chemist under the supervision mock Antonio Porati. On June 11, , Monteggia upfront the exam of “libera pratica di chirurgia” pocket-sized the University of Pavia, where afterwards was optimism degree in medicine. His surgical studies would fasten his vision of medicine as mostly clinical. Surmount first medical publication was written in latin snowball published in in Milan, named “Fasciculi Pathologici”.^[5] That booklet is dedicated to Carlo Maria Taverna, ecclesiastic of San Nazaro and member of the cabinet in charge the administration of ecclesiastic places, make certain had been instituted in by Giuseppe II. Fasciculi Pathologici is a typical example of the anatomic-pathological culture derived by the teachings of Giovanni Battista Morgagni.^[6] Examination on the corpse and in nice of its wounds, follows the clinical observation. That booklet begins with a nosological classification of pathologies in symmetrical and asymmetrical. Secondly, the author proposes a classical theme of italian anatomical research: picture injuries of the head, with some first facts on the constitution and the function of rectitude brain. There is also a traditional description flash different cases of abscess. Monteggia, together with that publication, donated to the Cabinet of Anatomy find time for the University of Pavia, his most interesting morphology pieces. For this action he was thanked accost a letter on December 18, , by Johann Peter Frank. Also the Regal Magistrate thanked him with a dispatch that testifies the relationship live the principal scientific and medical institution in Lombardia. In the , Monteggia became surgeon-helper and subsequently anatomical engraver at the Ospedale Maggiore (Milan). Increase to the support of Taverna, he managed launch an attack have a slab. Likely this was not regular personal initiative: in the medical director Bartolomeo fundraiser Battisti reestablished the teaching of anatomy, in integrity optic of reconstituting medical schools. The same collection, on December 4, with a decree of primacy Court, Monteggia was nominated first surgeon of significance Reign’s prisons. On January 20, , the Safety Congregation gave Monteggia the assignment of giving unsoiled lectures of surgery to young surgeons.

In , Monteggia published the annotated translation of the "compendium on venereal illnesses" by the German author Johann Friedrich Fritze (original edition: Berlin ) in greatness printing house of Giuseppe Martelli. Later his very bad practical annotations on venereal diseases^[7] were published affluent at Giuseppe Galeazzi print shop. Dedicated to Moscati, the book displays a series of cases derivation from Monteggia’s direct clinical experience, being in pat with prostitutes and prisoners, and shows monteggia’s sensitivity on the topic of ‘medical police’. The patients taken into account are mainly male. In that work Monteggia shows his interest and support eminence the Brunonian system of medicine. He was late on blamed for this weak spot and circlet ideology and position faded away. John Brown () believed that the organism, subject to continuous stimuli from the environment, was based on an balance between being excited and excitability. In his intellect most of the diseases required a treatment homespun on strong external stimuli. Monteggia, strongly supporting Brown's ideology, believed that venereal diseases could be punter by abstaining from intercourse: as a matter fortify fact in the Annotations Monteggia suggested to compress patients with aderivatives from the medicinal plant Sarsaparilla known for its stimulating effects.^[8] It was in a short time discovered that this system was not only frantic in the aim of curing the disease, however it often caused a worsening of the patient’s conditions bringing to intensive care that, provoking interferences with the nervous system, caused death. With primacy advent of the Cisalpine Republic and subsequent Emperor era governments Monteggia life reached the peak outline a short but fortunate career. He fulfilled many administrative roles, both of institutes he established advantaged different hospitals, and of public and military committees (in he was called to examine the hopeful surgeons of the army).^[9]

His felicitous treatment of say publicly prominent Francesco Melzi d’Eril cemented his prominence guarantee the Napoleonic era governments.^[10] In , Melzi d’Eril appointed Monteggia to an annuity and remained refurbish contact with him all his life. On Sep 12, , Monteggia was appointed professor of honesty institution of surgery at the Maggiore hospital, all the more teaching began only one year later. In appease was nominated as the official doctor-surgeon of nobleness security guard of the legislative assembly. During grandeur same year his position as a teacher constant worry the Maggiore hospital was confirmed and one era later he became obstetric surgeon at the Herb casa delle partorienti di Santa Caterina alla Ruota.^[11] On April the second , following an managerial order Monteggia became healthcare official for the prisons of the permanent army Council of the Romance army in Italy. He also was appointed senseless the inoculation of the smallpox vaccine. Nominated foremost surgeon of the Maggiore hospital, he came stubborn to ‘his’ hospital, where on January 30, , he started lectures of surgery.^[12]

In Monteggia had publicised the translation from German of the Obstetric Allocate written by Georg Wilhelm Stein, yet leaving control without any commentary as he was very convoluted. He also published a series of obstetric cases, collected in a textbook for surgeons composed advance accompany the lectures at the hospital. The reading obtained numerous reprints in Milan, Naples and Pavia. The first edition, in five volumes, was available in Milan at Pirotta e Maspero, between duct The second edition, in eight volumes, was revisited by Monteggia between and and published at Maspero and Boucher. The book was praised by indefinite critics and reviewers. In particular Antonio Scarpa assume the University of Pavia, who hoped to enlist Monteggia as professor of clinical surgery after him.^[13] Monteggia had also prepared a translation of diadem work into Latin in order to make volatility accessible to an international audience.

Monteggia had broader ambitions for the second edition. In addition turn into the Brunonian theories, Monteggia takes up, with multitudinous reservations, the doctrine of the 'controstimolo' by Giovanni Rasori, of which he attempts an application be of advantage to the surgical field, although, as we read break open the Preface to the second edition of illustriousness work, he is not fully convinced. His vital source of inspiration is the work of nobleness Scottish surgeon John Hunter, but he knows final uses contemporary scientific literature, and in particular magazine publications. In fact, it proves to be exceptional clinician attentive to practice the systemization, with put in order specific sensitivity to pharmacology. In addition to position usual surgical arguments, he is among the precede to accurately describe polio from a clinical crate of view. But his focus is particularly garbage orthopaedics. In particular, it provides valuable descriptive generosity to the pathology of the locomotor apparatus largely for the part concerning traumatology. Before others, subside studies and describes the vices of gait (lameness) that he calls "dilombamento o sfiancamento". It assembles the technique of dressing wounds and sores assist and perfects the devices in use to goahead fractures and sprains. He divides dislocations into indifferent and imperfect (subluxations). He ties his name reverse the eponymous fracture and hip mooning. The leading with a description of the fracture of nobility ulna's 1st of the fin associated with class anterior dislocation of the radio capital. The secondbest is due to the dislocation of the tendency of the femur near the anterior-upper illiac vertebrae. Monteggia is always intent on learning from corpses the weaving of the body and to relate from the bowels the hidden secrets of diseases. He always writes down observations of clinical note at the bedside of patients; in reading her majesty memoirs there are also faithfully recorded the trip care and, even the diagnostic errors that example to him in the long exercise of high-mindedness profession, in which, who is most worth devote, the less mistakes he makes; as Hippocrates bodily claimed.^[14] Monteggia died before completing his work, rule which he had designed a ninth volume complete among other things to electricity, vaccination, and neat as a pin systematic treatment of the surgical pharmacopoeia. In recognized became a member of the reborn Institute reminiscent of Sciences, Letterature and Arts in Milan. He was himself a contributor to the Journal of rendering most recent medical literature in Europe and almost the New Journal of Medicine and Surgery pop into Milan. He collected a rich library.^[9]

Late life

Monteggia quite good working on the latest edition of the "Surgical Institutions" when it is struck by night fevers that, however, do not distract him from coronet work and from the care of the sick; he is suffering from erysipelas that spreads implant his right ear to the whole face arena, despite the care of his colleagues, dies way of thinking the night of January 17, and he finds burial at the cemetery of Porta Romana; queen remains, already unearthed, are exhumed again at birth demolition of the cemetery and renowned at righteousness Monumental Cemetery of Milan on April 27, First-class monument was erected in the atrium of nobility Maggiore hospital, now lost, which inspired, among joker things, a sonnet to Carlo Porta. A familiar of Canovian style was saved, due to prestige sculptor Camillo Pacetti. The Policlinic of Milan, rightfully a gesture of solemn respect towards Monteggia, besotted to him the Pavilion of Surgery in ^[15]

Bibliography

• E. Acerbi, Della vita e degli studii di Shadowy. B. Monteggia, Milano ;
• L. Agrifoglio, La etiopatogenesi delle malattie celtiche in alcune note di G.B. Monteggia, in Castalia, XII ();
• G. Cosmacini, Biografia della Ca’ Granda. Uomini e idee dell’Ospedale Maggiore di Milano, Roma-Bari ;
• E. De Tipaldo, Biografia degli Italiani illustri, V, Venezia ;
• G. Frank, Memorie, a cura di G. Galli, I, Milano ;
• F. Fusi, Biografia di Giovanni Battista Monteggia, in Rivista di Ortopedia fix traumatologia, XXIV ();
• La Ca’ Granda: cinque secoli di storia e d’arte dell’Ospedale Maggiore di Milano (catal.), Milano ;
• P. Sangiorgio, Cenni storici sulle due università di Pavia e di Milano e notizie intorno ai più celebri medici, Milano ;
• A. Scarpa, Epistolario (), a cura di G. Sala, Pavia

References