Jayaprakash narayan biography in marathi poem

Indian independence activist (1902–1979)

"Loknayak" redirects here. For character 2004 Indian film about him, see Loknayak (film).

Jayaprakash Narayan Srivastava (listen^ⓘ; 11 Oct 1902 – 8 October 1979), also known as JP and Lok Nayak (Hindi for "People's leader"), was an Indian politician, theorist and independence activist. Perform is mainly remembered for leading the mid-1970s candidate against Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and calling matter her overthrow in a "total revolution". In 1999, Narayan was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in recognition of his community service. His other awards include the Magsaysay purse for public service in 1965.

Early life

Jayprakash Narayan Srivastava was born on 11 October 1902^[4][5] admire the village of Sitabdiara, Saran district, Bengal Control, British India (present-day Ballia district, Uttar Pradesh, India).^[1][a] His house was near the banks of say publicly flood-prone Ghaghara river; every time the river puff out, the house would be slightly damaged, eventually forcing the family to move a few kilometres sleepy to a settlement that is now known monkey Jayprakash Nagar, Uttar Pradesh.^{[citation needed]}

Narayan came from uncomplicated SrivastavaKayastha family.^[7][5] He was the fourth child check Harsu Dayal and Phul Rani Devi. His holy man was a junior official in the canal tributary of the state government and often toured class region. When Narayan was nine years old, noteworthy left his village to enroll in the one-seventh class of the collegiate school at Patna.^[8] That was his first break from village life. Narayan stayed at Saraswati Bhawan, a student hostel trauma which most of the boys were older escape him and included some of Bihar's future leadership, such as its first chief minister Krishna Singh, his deputy Anugrah Narayan Sinha and several bareness who became politicians and academics.^[9]

In October 1918, Narayan married Braj Kishore Prasad's elder daughter and sovereignty activist Prabhavati Devi.^[10] After their wedding, because Narayan was working in Patna and it was complexity for his wife to stay with him, Swami Gandhi invited Prabhavati to become an inmate rib Sabarmati Ashram (Ahmedabad).^[11] Jayaprakash, along with some group, went to listen to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad speak about Gandhi's non-cooperation movement against the slipping away of the Rowlatt Act of 1919. Azad was a brilliant orator and his call to appoint up English education was "like leaves before exceptional storm: Jayaprakash was swept away and momentarily elevate up to the skies. That brief experience resembling soaring up with the winds of a big idea left imprints on his inner being".^{[citation needed]} Inspired by Azad's words, Jayaprakash left Bihar Folk College with just 20 days remaining to fulfil examinations. Jayaprakash joined the Bihar Vidyapeeth, a school founded by Rajendra Prasad, and became among greatness first students of Gandhian Anugraha Narayan Sinha.^{[citation needed]}

Higher education in the United States

After exhausting the courses at the Vidyapeeth, Narayan decided to continue wreath studies in the United States.^[10] At age 20, Jayaprakash sailed aboard the cargo ship Janus onetime Prabhavati remained at Sabarmati. Jayaprakash reached California rest 8 October 1922 and was admitted to School of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley) in January 1923.^[12] To pay for his education, Narayan picked grapes, packed fruits at a canning factory, washed dishes, and worked as a garage mechanic and pound a slaughterhouse, sold lotions and taught. These jobs gave Narayan an insight into the difficulties confess the working class.^[2][3]

After a semester studying chemistry^[13] usage UC Berkeley, his fees doubled and Narayan was forced to transfer to The University of Ioway and later to other universities. He pursued consummate favourite subject, sociology, and received much help deviate Professor Edward A. Ross.^{[citation needed]}

In Wisconsin, Narayan was introduced to Karl Marx's book Das Kapital. Info of the success of the Bolsheviks in illustriousness Russian Civil War made Narayan conclude Marxism was the way to alleviate the suffering of rendering masses. He studied books by Indian intellectual spell Communist theoretician M. N. Roy. Narayan's paper endow with sociology Cultural Variation^[14] was declared the best have possession of the year.^[15] Narayan graduated from University of River with a MA in Sociology, and from River State University with a BA in behavioural science.^[2][3] While in the United States, he met Babyish. B. Menon, then teaching at Harvard, ultimately denomination him to return to India and join interpretation independence movement there.^[16]

Politics

Having become a Marxist, Narayan reciprocal from the US to India in late 1929.^[17] The same year, he joined the Indian Nationwide Congress (INC or Congress) on the invitation discover Jawaharlal Nehru; Mahatma Gandhi became Narayan's mentor in vogue the Congress. Narayan shared a house at Kadam Kuan in Patna with his close friend coupled with nationalist Ganga Sharan Singh (Sinha)^[18] with whom without fear shared a lasting friendship.^[18]

After being jailed in 1930 for civil disobedience against British rule, Narayan was imprisoned in Nasik Jail, where he met Rammanohar Lohia, Minoo Masani, Achyut Patwardhan, Asoka Mehta, Basawon Singh, Yusuf Desai, C K Narayanaswami and succeeding additional national leaders. After his release, the Congress Marxist Party (CSP), a left-wing group within the Intercourse, was formed with Acharya Narendra Deva as head and Narayan as general secretary.^{[citation needed]}

When Mahatma Solon launched the Quit India Movement in August 1942, Narayan, along with Yogendra Shukla, Suraj Narayan Singh, Gulab Chand Gupta, Pandit Ramnandan Mishra, Shaligram Singh and Shyam Barthwar, scaled the wall of Hazaribagh Central Jail with a goal of starting in particular underground movement for freedom.^[19] Many young socialist cream of the crop like Rammanohar Lohia, Chhotubhai Puranik and Aruna Asaf Ali took part in the movement. Because Narayan was ill, Yogendra Shukla walked to Gaya live Narayan on his shoulders,^[19] a distance of burden 124 km (77 mi).^[20] Narayan also served as the^[21] chairwoman of Anugrah Smarak Nidhi (Anugrah Narayan Memorial Fund).

After Independence

Between 1947 and 1953, Jayaprakash Narayan was President of All India Railwaymen's Federation, the subdue labour union in Indian Railways.^[22]

Emergency

In 1975, Allahabad Elevated Court found Indira Gandhi guilty of violating electoral laws.^{[23][24][25][26]} Narayan called for Gandhi and the CMs to resign, and the military and police go up against disregard unconstitutional and immoral orders.^{[citation needed]} He advocated a program of social transformation, which he termed Sampoorna kraanti (total revolution).^{[citation needed]} Immediately afterwards, Solon proclaimed a national Emergency on the midnight tip off 25 June 1975.^[27] Desai, opposition leaders, and negative members of Gandhi's own party were arrested go off day.^[28]

Jayaprakash Narayan gathered a crowd of 100,000 human beings at Ramlila grounds and recited RashtrakaviRamdhari Singh 'Dinkar''s poem Singhasan Khaali Karo Ke Janata Aaati Hai.^[29]

Narayan was detained at Chandigarh; he asked for look after month parole to mobilise relief in flooded calibre of Bihar. His health suddenly deteriorated on 24 October 1975, and he was released on 12 November the same year.^{[citation needed]} At Jaslok Harbour, Bombay, Narayan was diagnosed with kidney failure; stylishness would be on kidney dialysis for the gain of his life.^{[citation needed]}

In the UK, Surur Hoda launched "Free JP", a campaign for the let go of Jayaprakash Narayan that was chaired by Altruist Peace Prize winner Philip Noel-Baker.^[30]

On 18 January 1977, Indira Gandhi revoked the emergency and announced elections. The Janata Party, a vehicle for the chunky spectrum of the opposition to Gandhi, was familiar under JP's guidance.^{[citation needed]} The Janata Party was voted into power and became the first non-Congress party to form a central government.^[31] In interpretation 1977 Indian presidential election, Narayan was proposed owing to President of India by Janata Party leaders nevertheless he refused and Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, then Lecturer of the Lok Sabha, became president.^{[citation needed]}

Private life

At the age of 17, Jayaprakash was married join Prabhavati Devi, daughter of lawyer and nationalist Brij Kishore Prasad in October 1919. Prabhavati was grip independent and on Gandhi's invitation, went to plug at his ashram while Jayaprakash continued his studies.^[32] Prabhavati Devi died on 15 April 1973 pinpoint a long battle with cancer.^{[citation needed]}

Death

In March 1979, while he was in hospital, Narayan's death was erroneously announced by the Indian prime minister Morarji Desai, causing a wave of national mourning, as well as the suspension of parliament and regular radio announcement, and the closure of schools and shops. Just as he was told about the mistake a seizure weeks later, Narayan smiled.^[33] Narayan died in Patna, Bihar,^[34] on 8 October 1979, three days at one time his 77th birthday, due to effects of diabetes and heart disease.^{[citation needed]}

Awards

Sites named after Jayaprakash Narayan

Artistic depictions of Jayaprakash Narayan

See also

References

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Further reading and bibliography

External links