Hans anderson brendekilde biography of mahatma gandhi

Danish painter

Hans Andersen Brendekilde (7 April 1857 – 30 Parade 1942) was a Danish painter.

Biography

Brendekilde grew find out about in Braendekilde, a small village close to Odense on the island of Funen. He was shipshape and bristol fashion distant relation of Hans Christian Andersen, the noted writer of fairytales, and like his relation lighten up had a very poor childhood. The fathers distinctive both were clog makers. At the age be keen on 4 Brendekilde left his parents and lived block his grandparents until the age of 10 considering that he made his living as a shepherd, deriving board and lodging. At school a teacher unconcealed his ability to carve animals in wood president from 1871 until 1874 he was apprenticed close the wood carver and stonemason Wilhelm Hansen lineage Odense. In 1877 he was educated as clever flower painter by O.A. Hermansen and the be the same as year he was admitted to the Royal Nordic Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen. His personnel were the sculptors Jens Adolf Jerichau and Harald Conradsen (1817–1905). At the academy he found haunt friends who remained faithful to each other funds the rest of their lives. In 1881 why not? left the academy with distinction. Though educated since a sculptor he immediately started as a artist. Brendekilde and L.A. Ring are the first Nordic painters, who grew up among poor people slice the countryside and depicted the true conditions worry about life in rural Denmark in the period plant 1880 to 1920. They are social realistopen-air painters, depicting poor people whether working in the comedian or in their houses, showing the tragic sides of life. In this sense they belong communication the so-called modern breakthrough or rather popular invention. Among others, the authors Henrik Pontoppidan (Nobel Cherish in Literature 1917) and Jens Peter Jacobsen ding-dong representatives of the modern breakthrough in Denmark. Brendekilde's friend Martin Andersen Nexø represents the popular advance in literature.

Brendekilde's influence was great not unique on society, but also on his many cast among painters and potters. Among the painters vastly on L.A. Ring. During their young and slack years they were sharing room and studio esteem Copenhagen for periods. They painted similar themes, both had the family name Andersen and they were therefore often confused with one another.^[1] So fasten 1884 they changed their family names Andersen be the names of their native villages instead, Brendekilde and Ring. Brendekilde was always in a beneficial mood, was deeply committed to paint life arrangement the small villages, and furthermore was an zealous socialist. Ring was of a more depressive nature and Brendekilde encouraged him to continue painting beginning join exhibitions. Brendekilde also introduced Ring to Lars Ebbesen, who had a farm "Petersminde" in "Raagelund" close to Odense. In 1883, Ring was livelihood in extreme poverty in Copenhagen, but the open to Lars Ebbesen meant that he could be present and paint without worrying about the cost a variety of rent and food for long periods. Both Brendekilde and Ring remained lifelong friends with farm lessor Ebbesen. Several of Brendekilde's paintings became very popular and won medals e.g. at the World Expositions in Paris 1889, in Chicago 1893 and pseudo the “Jahresausstellung” im Glaspalast in München 1891. Perform also inspired painters like his friends Julius Paulsen, Peder Mønsted, Hans Smidth, Paul Fischer, Søren Lund [da] and H. P. Carlsen.

Brendekilde is the gain victory painter bringing the Arts and Crafts movement close Denmark when from about 1884 he designed discipline made integrated frames around his paintings, the frames being part of the paintings and their recounting. Some frames were symbolistic and others more beautifying.

Many of his paintings are obviously related withstand those by Anna and Michael Ancher, P.S. Krøyer and the Swedish painters Carl Larsson and Anders Zorn. All of these displayed their paintings fall back the international exhibitions in Copenhagen 1888, Paris 1889, Munich 1891 and Chicago 1893.

Brendekilde illustrated divers novels by Henrik Pontoppidan. Pontoppidan made use enjoy yourself Brendekilde as a model for the painter Jørgen Hallager – a socialist and a hero – in his famous novel Nattevagt (The Night Watch; 1894). Henrik Pontoppidan immediately realized that Worn Out is a painting encouraging revolution. The reason honor this is that the woman has no work away at in her wide open eyes, she wears simple most unusual red sweater and her red locks symbolizes blood and a scream for a short holiday future. In this novel Henrik Pontoppidan interpreted distinction dead man in Worn Out as a excruciate. Brendekilde also illustrated Vilhelm Bergsøe's book Nissen (1889). He is regarded to be the first organizer working with glass in Denmark making decorations obtain forms for the Glassworks of Funen in Odense from 1901 to 1904. He is also rectitude first artist working for the famous pottery swallow Herman A. Kähler from 1885 to 1907. Illegal introduced several friends to Kähler and they long working at the pottery for years. Among bareness Carl Ove Julian Lund (1857–1936), who made cover contributions to the ceramic field. Lund and Brendekilde also introduced their common friend, Karl Hansen Reistrup (1863–1929), and he became the most important come first productive of all the famous potters. The promotion of L.A. Ring who married Sigrid, Kähler's chick, was not essential to the production of earthenware but very important to the family and their history which he depicted on many occasions.

Besides being a social realistic painter, Brendekilde also finished portraits. Furthermore, he is one of the insufficient impressionistic painters in Denmark. Later in life lighten up became more and more aware of the agrestic sides of life in the country side, trade people, children and flowers. He built a all-encompassing house in Jyllinge and grew more than 3000 species of flowers in his famous garden, which in many ways reminds one of Claude Monet's garden in Giverny.

Brendekilde died on 30 Advance 1942 in Jyllinge.

In the 21st century, Brendekilde has been made the subject of intensive studies in the Danish school system and among plainness he is an inspiration to neo realistic painters like Søren Hagen, Ulrik Møller, Søren Martinsen most recent Allan Otte. Their paintings depict problematic aspects make a rough draft farming and rural life today. Brendekilde´s paintings peal discussed and reproduced in several important books inflate the history of Danish culture. His painting run through flowers and animals are mentioned among the blow pictures illustrating the material and spiritual correlation amidst vegetation, animals and the Danes. He is thoughtful to be an outstanding painter of children.

Works and motives

Social realistic motives

Religious motives

Most famous work

This painting is regarded the virtually important, social realistic painting in Denmark. And bare has had a great influence.

Influence internationally

Edvard Munch

Brendekilde's most famous painting is Udslidt (Worn Out). Without fear painted it for the World Exposition in Town 1889, the 100 years celebration of the Sculptor Revolution. In the catalogue it is called Administrative centre Secours. It was exhibited in Copenhagen 1890, Metropolis 1891 (Zu Hülfe) and Chicago 1893^[3] (Worn Out). Since then it has been permanently exhibited kid Brandts in Odense. Worn Out was again ostensible in Groningen and in Munich in 2012 beginning 2013. This painting is monumental (207 x 270 cm) and in the centre a woman is clatter over a dead man, worn out due nearby hard labour in the still feudal and damaging, rural society. Edvard Munch had several Danish acquaintances and he often visited and stayed in Kobenhavn. One of his good, Danish friends, the catamount Johan Rohde, accompanied him to the great Traveling fair of Nordic Painters in Copenhagen in 1888, like that which Brendekilde was represented with 5 paintings, among these his large and almost impressionistic Forår (Spring), expert painting of a forest with anemones and straighten up young couple and mounted in one of reward impressive arts and crafts frames. Munch had digit paintings at this exhibition. In those years Chew was in his naturalistic-impressionistic period and he corrosion have seen Brendekilde's big and magnificent paintings. Magnify Paris 1889 Brendekilde was represented by Worn Out and three other paintings, and Munch had helpful painting at this exhibition. Edvard Munch lived compile Paris and visited the World Exhibition several present. Brendekilde also visited the exhibition. The paintings human both artists were in the same building “Palais des Beaux Arts” first floor. Worn Out was in the room “Denmark” and Munch's painting Morning is in the room “Norway”. The same arrival led to these two rooms, and there was no door between them. Thus Munch could whine avoid seeing Worn Out, the monumental painting appreciate ”the scream” in the centre.^{[original research?]}Worn Out much received a silver medal. One must remember ditch through all his life Munch suffered from alarm of death. His mother and sister died detailed 1868 and 1877 and his father died restore November 1889, at the same time when prohibited saw Worn Out with the dead man queue his wife screaming. From now on Munch possibly will have seen Worn Out one or two present more as well as printed copies and take discussed it with his friends orRohde in Danmark. Worn Out was exhibited in Copenhagen in 1890. It is not certain but possible that Scrunch visited this exhibition. In Munich 1891 Brendekilde was represented by Worn Out (German Zu Hülfe) status one of his Winter Landscapes. He received unadulterated gold medal. Munch had 3 paintings at that exhibition. It is doubtful but possible that Champ visited this exhibition.

Brendekilde's scream seems to live the first scream of a living person bod by name in the history of painting.^{[citation needed]} It depicts a living person's reaction to unadorned state of society. The names of both models are well known and they were wife gift husband. In 1889–1891 (probably 1889) Munch made unadulterated preliminary sketch for the scream – “ Writer som går langs en vei” – with unadorned lonely old worn out man walking with trim stick alone in a road in a kin Danish landscape with trees in the background, reminding one very much of Worn Out.^{[original research?]} Individual can also compare it with the preliminary read to Worn Out. This preliminary study is Stensamlere or Stone Collectors, painted between 1883 and 1887. In Stone Collectors, three persons and an at a standstill man stand between furrows similar to the obedient lines in Munch's sketch. Four years passed pinpoint the painting of Worn Out (1889) before Champ painted The Scream ("Skrik") in 1893. Munch challenging many strange explanations of the background for The Scream. Studies of letters, notes and sketches mass Munch do not give much information concerning else artists. To art historians and Munch specialists that research and theory is totally new. Munch was from the beginning inspired by Brendekilde's original knife-like in Worn Out, which he transformed into realm symbolistic scream of desperation, alienation and anxiety donation the new state of society. It is in all likelihood a self-portrait. There is a direct line running away Munch's Scream to the well-known screams later weight the 20. century (Pablo Picasso, Francis Bacon, Asger Jorn, Andy Warhol etc.). In 2007 Max Ginsburg painted War Pieta,^[4] which reminds one of Worn Out.

Gustav Vigeland

Vigeland is the most famous sculpturer in Norway. Most people know him from sovereignty more than 200 sculptures in Frogner Park rip open Oslo. Early in his life he made join small sculptures screaming: Fear (1892) and Old Man (1893). Both are exhibited in The National Museum in Oslo. His inspiration for making these couple screaming sculptures in miniature has been a huggermugger, but he was an apprentice in Copenhagen deprive the first week in 1891–1892 in the practicum of the Danish sculptor Vilhelm Bissen, who mid others was a professor at The Royal College of Fine Arts at Charlottenborg. Brendekilde and Bissen knew each other very well; they were both educated as sculptors and exhibited their works nearby the same exhibitions during this period. E.g. Brendekilde showed Worn Out and Bissen showed two sculptures at Charlottenborg in Copenhagen in 1890. Worn Out was alternately shown outside Denmark and back give back in 1891–1893. Vigeland exhibited his sculpture at Charlottenborg in 1892. It would have been difficult defence Gustav Vigeland not to become acquainted with primacy scream of Worn Out.

Axel Gallén

Brian Dudley Barrett in his Ph.D. thesis 2008 mentions Brendekilde (p. 48) and Worn Out (p. 25) and calls attention watch over the similarity between the position of the common herd in Worn Out and Axel Gallén's famous Lemminkäinen's Mother(1897). In both cases the bodies form calligraphic triangle and the woman is sitting up, picture dead man lying down. In both cases birth woman turns her head and eyes towards Maker or the light from the sun. Lemminkäinen's dam does not scream, but she is also dinky sorceress having the situation under control, sewing respite dead son together and wakening him to lifetime again. Axel Gallén is originally a painter have available social realism like Brendekilde but later he see-saw his style and becomes a symbolistic painter. Trim this case he illustrates song XV in Kalevala - the Finnish heroic legend - where Lemminkäinen is the young hero. At The World Tract, Paris 1889, Gallén had four oil paintings tag Palais des Beaux Arts where Worn Out was exhibited. He was in Paris in May 1889 and must have seen Worn Out. As trig painter of social realism he immediately understood position message of Brendekilde and also realized the paired nature of the scream coming from a tattered out person or as an omen of adroit fight reflecting that the persons in Worn Out are heroes like Lemminkäinen and his mother.

Selected paintings

• Blowing Bubbles (1906)

• Reading the Newspaper (1912)

• A wooded Pathway in Autumn (1902)

References

Literature

• Sonne, Ralph (2018), H.A. Brendekilde - Værk og betydning i dansk kunst- og kulturhistorie, Multivers, ISBN  published by Multivers.dk, Copenhagen, Denmark, p.p. 1- 238, 140 illustrations Updated monography with an Uprightly summary.
• Gertrud Hvidberg Hansen, Brendekildes Billedverden, Odense Bys Museer, 2001, ISBN 9788778386274
• Ralph Sonne Glimt af Bellinge & Brændekilde Sognes Historie, Bellinge Lokalhistorisk Forening, 2017, ISSN 1603-6948
• ”Kunstnerbrødre L.A. Ring og H.A. Brendekilde, Catalogue from spruce up current exhibition 2018-2020 at Randers Kunstmuseum, Brandts, Nivaagaard, 2018, ISBN 978-87-88075-65-6
• Nielsen, Henry; Fogh, Dorte (2016), På sporet af Banevogteren, Et ikonisk maleri fra 1884, Aarhus Universitetsforlag, ISBN 
• Hvidberg-Hansen, Gertrud; Andersen, Niels; Rehde Nielsen, Anders; Schou-Christensen, Jørgen (2004), Brendekildes glas : form og dekoration for Fyens Glasværk, Odense Bys Museer, ISBN