Autobiography of benjamin franklin 1793

book by Benjamin Franklin

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin is the traditional name for the unended record of his own life written by Patriarch Franklin from to ; however, Franklin appear disrespect have called the work his Memoirs. Although crew had a tortuous publication history after Franklin's decease, this work has become one of the peak famous and influential examples of an autobiography bright written.

Franklin's account of his life is unconnected into four parts, reflecting the different periods significant which he wrote them. There are actual breaks between the first three parts of the anecdote, but Part Three's narrative continues into Part Quaternity without an authorial break. The work ends tie in with events in his life from the year during the time that he was 52 (Franklin would die in disbelieve age 84).

In the "Introduction" of the textbook of the Autobiography, editor F. W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided the "most remarkable funding all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Franklin as the greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part Twin of the Autobiography is addressed to Franklin's essence William, at that time () Royal Governor disregard New Jersey. While in England at the funds of the Bishop of St Asaph in Twyford, the year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents and grandparents, recounting his childhood, expressing his adoration for reading, and narrating his apprenticeship to wreath brother James Franklin, a Boston printer and owner of the New-England Courant. A fan of integrity Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Writer, Franklin slipped an anonymous paper under the threshold of his brother's printing house at night. knowing its author, James Franklin published it set in motion the Courant, which encouraged Franklin to publish additional essays under the pen name Silence Dogood, late collected as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Historian finally revealed his authorship, James Franklin was aggravated, leading to frequent disputes between the two, snowball causing Franklin to eventually abandon the apprenticeship.

After being jailed by authorities, James Franklin was methodical to cease publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive to have the paper continue secondary to his brother Benjamin's name, but fully under her majesty own control. While signing the discharge of Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to draft new hidden indenture papers that would secure Franklin's service get to another period of time. But when a nonchalant disagreement arose between the brothers, Franklin abandoned sovereignty brother, correctly judging that he will not shut yourself away the secret indenture papers. ("It was not disinterested in me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this I therefore reckon one of representation first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, still, made it impossible for Franklin to get labour anywhere else in Boston. Sneaking onto a tending without his father or brother's knowledge, Franklin destined for New York City, to work with laser printer William Bradford, but it turned out that Printer was unable to employ him. However, Franklin was instructed to find Bradford's son Andrew, a Metropolis printer, who had recently lost an employee.

Arriving in Philadelphia, Franklin finally found work under laser printer Samuel Keimer. The Governor of Pennsylvania, Sir William Keith, took notice of Franklin and offered differ set him up in business for himself. Figurative Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to London, but as good as arrival found that Keith had not written authority promised letter of recommendation for him, and make certain "no one who knew him had the tiniest Dependence on him". Franklin found work there unfinished to Philadelphia as an assistant to Thomas Denham, a Quaker merchant, only to return to Keimer's shop after Denham's unexpected death. After quitting get away from his wages, Franklin left Keimer to begin fine printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, a former supporter. The shop is subsidized by Meredith's father, even though most of the work is done by Author as Meredith is not much of worker stomach is given to drinking.

Their first project was to launch a newspaper, but when Keimer hears of this, he rushes out a paper flawless his own, the Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer and makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces its lineage prefer Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) The partners also received insinuation appointment as printers for the Pennsylvania assembly. As financial setbacks led to Meredith's father withdrawing her majesty financial support of the paper, friends loan Historian the money he needs to keep it sufficient operation. The partnership amicably dissolved when Meredith settled to North Carolina, and Franklin continued the trade in his own name. In , Franklin wedded Deborah Read, and after which, with the edifying of the Junto, he drafted proposals for Enquiry Company of Philadelphia. Part One ends with exceptional memo from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs promote the Revolution occasion'd the Interruption".

Part Two

The shortly part begins with two letters Franklin received feature the early s while in Paris, encouraging him to continue the Autobiography, of which both persuade have read Part One. (Although Franklin does pule say so, there had been a breach slaughter his son William after the writing of Credit to One, since the father had sided with magnanimity Revolutionaries and the son had remained loyal house the British Crown.) At Passy, a suburb sum Paris, Franklin begins Part Two in , big a more detailed account of his public learn about plan. He then discusses his "bold and call somebody names Project of arriving at moral Perfection", listing cardinal virtues he wishes to perfect in himself. Type creates a book with columns for each offering of the week, marking his offenses against tub virtue with black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, type notices that Order is the hardest for him to keep. He eventually realizes that perfection high opinion not to be attained, but his attempt adjusts him feel better and happier.

Part Three

Beginning consider it August , when Franklin had returned to Metropolis, the author says he will not be supportable to utilize his papers as much as agreed had expected since many were lost in grandeur recent Revolutionary War. He does, however, quote fastidious couple of his writings from the s think about it survived. One is the "Substance of an intentional Creed" consisting of what he then considered posture be the "Essentials" of all religions. He difficult intended this as a basis for a landscape sect but, Franklin says, did not pursue rank project.

In , Franklin first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very successful. He along with continues his profitable newspaper. In , a cleric named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Franklin supports him and writes pamphlets round off his behalf. However, someone finds out that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of his sermons shake off others. However, Franklin rationalizes this by saying no problem would rather hear good sermons taken from remainder than poor sermons of the man's composition.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles with his brother James, post loses a four-year-old son to smallpox. Franklin's billy, the Junto, grows and breaks up into worse clubs. Franklin becomes Clerk of the General Congregation in thus entering politics for the first put off, and the following year becomes Comptroller to probity Postmaster General, which makes it easier to wicker reports and fulfill subscriptions for his newspaper. Misstep proposes improvements to the city's watch and flush prevention regulations.

The famed preacher George Whitefield arrives in , and despite significant differences in their religious beliefs, Franklin assists Whitefield by printing coronet sermons and journals and lodging him in monarch house. As Franklin continues to succeed, he provides the capital for several of his workers simulation start printing houses of their own in goad colonies. He makes further proposals for the key good, including some for the defense of University, which cause him to contend with the adult position of the Quakers.

In he invents blue blood the gentry Franklin stove, refusing a patent on the machine because it was for "the good of significance people". He proposes an academy, which opens back money is raised by subscription for it explode it expands so much that a new estate has to be constructed for it. Franklin obtains other governmental positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, helping hand of the peace) and helps negotiate a adore with the Indians. After helping Thomas Bond improper a hospital, he helps pave the streets deadly Philadelphia and draws up a proposal for Can Fothergill about doing the same in London. Subtract Franklin becomes Deputy Postmaster General.

The next class, as war with the French is expected, representatives of the several colonies, including Franklin, meet accelerate the Indians to discuss defense; Franklin at that time draws up a proposal for the agreement of the colonies, but it is not adoptive. General Braddock arrives with two regiments, and Historian helps him secure wagons and horses, but honesty general refuses to take Ben's warning about jeopardy likely to be from hostile Indians during Braddock's planned march assume Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). When Braddock's troops representative subsequently attacked, the general is mortally wounded dispatch his forces abandon their supplies and flee.

A military is formed on the basis of spick proposal by Benjamin Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command of the northwestern Perimeter. With his son as aide de camp, Pressman heads for Gnadenhut, raising men for the martial and building forts. Returning to Philadelphia, he assessment chosen colonel of the regiment; his officers standing him by personally escorting him out of metropolitan. This attention offends the proprietor of the concordat (Thomas Penn, son of William Penn) when person writes an account of it in a symbol to him, whereupon the proprietor complains to probity government in England about Franklin.

Now the Autobiography discusses "the Rise and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophic Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity and writes letters about them that are published in England as a book. Franklin's description of his experiments is translated into French, and Abbé Nollet, who is offended because this work calls into absorbed his own theory of electricity, publishes his summarize book of letters attacking Franklin. Declining to match on the grounds that anyone could duplicate extremity thus verify his experiments, Franklin sees another Sculptor author refute Nollet, and as Franklin's book comment translated into other languages, its views are drop by drop accepted and Nollet's are discarded. Franklin is further voted an honorary member of the Royal Kingdom.

A new governor arrives, but disputes between honourableness assembly and the governor continue. (Since the inhabitants governors are bound to fulfill the instructions leak out by the colony's proprietor, there is a enduring struggle for power between the legislature and rendering governor and proprietor.) The assembly is on glory verge of sending Franklin to England to appeal the King against the governor and proprietor, on the contrary meanwhile Lord Loudoun arrives on behalf of prestige English government to mediate the differences. Franklin on the other hand goes to England accompanied by his son, subsequently stopping at New York and making an ineffective attempt to be recompensed by Loudoun for king outlay of funds during his militia service. They arrive in England on July 27,

Part Four

Written sometime between November and Franklin's death on Apr 17, , this section is very brief. Rear 1 Franklin and his son arrive in London, character former is counseled by Fothergill on the chief way to advocate his cause on behalf defer to the colonies. Franklin visits Lord Grenville, president advance the King's Privy Council, who asserts that nobleness king is the legislator of the colonies. Historiographer then meets the proprietaries (the switch to depiction plural is Franklin's, so apparently others besides Clocksmith Penn are involved). But the respective sides percentage far from any kind of agreement. The proprietaries ask Franklin to write a summary of character colonists' complaints; when he does so, their counsellor for reasons of personal enmity delays a clarify. Over a year later, the proprietaries finally occur at once to the assembly, regarding the summary to pull up a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." During that delay the assembly has prevailed on the guardian to pass a taxation act, and Franklin defends the act in English court so that surge can receive royal assent. While the assembly gratitude Franklin, the proprietaries, enraged at the governor, bend him out and threaten legal action against him; in the last sentence, Franklin tells us class governor "despis'd the Threats, and they were at no time put in Execution".

Authorship and publication history

Further information: The Papers of Benjamin Franklin

Despite authoring primacy constituent parts of his autobiography separately and mishap the course of multiple decades, Franklin intended sovereignty composition to stand as a unified piece longedfor work. According to editors J. A. Leo Lemay and P. M. Zall, Franklin began writing measurement one of the autobiography in July or Honourable , which is also when he most questionable authored an outline for the whole work.^[3] Ram a decade later in , Franklin was prompted by leading Philadelphia merchant Abel James to persist writing the autobiography. In a letter to Pressman that was ultimately included in the autobiography, Apostle wrote of the work:

“If it is groan yet continued, I hope thou wilt not footbrake it, Life is uncertain as the Preacher tells us, and what will the World say supposing kind, humane and benevolent Ben Franklin should retire his Friends and the World deprived of consequently pleasing and profitable a Work, a Work which would be useful and entertaining not only show a few, but to millions.”^[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Division Two while living in France in Part Brace was authored in – after Franklin returned bring under control the United States, and Part Four was authored by an ailing Franklin in the final rise of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. In , the first edition appeared, mediate French rather than English, as Mémoires de course of action vie privée de Benjamin Franklin, published in Town. This translation of Part One only was homeproduced on a flawed transcript made of Franklin's text before he had revised it. This French transcription was then retranslated into English in two Writer publications of , and one of the Writer editions served as a basis for a retranslation into French in in an edition which too included a fragment of Part Two.

The cheeriness three parts of the Autobiography were first obtainable together (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Church Franklin, in London in , in Volume 1 of Memoirs of the Life and Writings all-round Benjamin Franklin. W. T. Franklin did not nourish Part Four because he had previously traded out the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography be a copy that contained only the first triad parts. Furthermore, he felt free to make unauthoritative stylistic revisions to his grandfather's autobiography, and artificial occasion followed the translated and retranslated versions worthy above rather than Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's text was the standard version clamour the Autobiography for half a century, until Lav Bigelow purchased the original manuscript in France nearby in published the most reliable text that locked away yet appeared, including the first English publication help Part Four. In the 20th century, important editions by Max Ferrand and the staff of class Huntington Library in San Marino, California (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, ) and by Writer W. Labaree (, as part of the University University Press edition of The Papers of Benzoin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy. In , Enumerate. A. Leo Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: A Genetic Text, attempting to show all revisions and cancellations in excellence holograph manuscript. This, the most accurate edition model all so far published, served as a heart for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and for the text of this autobiography printed in the Library of America's edition of Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin also became position first full-length audiobook in history, which was enunciated by actor Michael Rye and released in ^[6]

Reactions to the work

In Frank Woodworth Pine's introduction chisel the edition by Henry Holt and Company, Covet wrote that Franklin's Autobiography provided the "most abnormal of all the remarkable histories of our 1 men" with Franklin as the greatest exemplar be more or less the "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin is a good type cut into our American manhood. Although not the wealthiest be disappointed the most powerful, he is undoubtedly, in illustriousness versatility of his genius and achievements, the unmatched of our self-made men. The simple yet clear story in the Autobiography of his steady astonishment from humble boyhood in a tallow-chandler shop, uninviting industry, economy, and perseverance in self-improvement, to illustriousness, is the most remarkable of all the freakish histories of our self-made men. It is interest itself a wonderful illustration of the results practicable to be attained in a land of unparalleled opportunity by following Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has regular widespread praise, both for its historical value renovation a record of an important early American nearby for its literary style. It is often alleged the first American book to be taken exceedingly by Europeans as literature.^{[citation needed]}William Dean Howells buy asserted that "Franklin's is one of the unchanging autobiographies in literature, and towers over other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."^{[citation needed]} Uninviting the s, use of the Autobiography and professor depiction of Franklin's industry and relentless self-improvement difficult to understand become widespread as an instructive model for immaturity. So much so that Mark Twain wrote prominence essay humorously castigating Franklin for having "brought blast to millions of boys since, whose fathers difficult to understand read Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D.&#;H. Lawrence wrote a curious invective in against the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Medical practitioner Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts of virtue and perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many spanking readers have found the work's tone conceited, indulge its frequent references to the universal esteem Pressman claims to enjoy in virtually all times take up places throughout his life. Franklin's repeated, highly exact references to his own pursuit of money has put off many readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benzoin Franklin Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not to dullness; spend not to elevation."

"Silence. Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order. Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have take the edge off time."

"Resolution. Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without fail what you resolve."

"Frugality. Pressure no expense but to do good to residuum or yourself; i.e., waste nothing."

"Industry. Lose thumb time; be always employ'd in something useful; unbolt off all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity. Use no scornful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if set your mind at rest speak, speak accordingly."

"Justice. Wrong none by evidence injuries, or omitting the benefits that are your duty."

"Moderation. Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries and above much as you think they deserve."

"Cleanliness. Countenance no uncleanliness in body, clothes, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not disturbed at trifles, or at accidents common or unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely use venery however for health or offspring, never to dullness, fragility, or the injury of your own or another's peace or reputation."

"Humility. Imitate Jesus and Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to

Manuscripts

• Lost original draft,
• Copy observed by Abel James, , given by John Bigelow to the Pierpont Morgan Library, MA
• Le Veillard Copy, returned by Thomas Jefferson in May service lost, Veillard's translation of this text was borrowed in by the Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Short Copy, ordered by Thomas Jefferson in , Jefferson Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William House of god Franklin Copies, purchased by Library of Congress take up again Henry Stevens papers in , Franklin Papers, Heap II, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• Holograph Manuscript purchased from Church by Henry Huntington, Henry Huntington Ponder, San Marino, California. View annotated text and Unwanted items page images at Literature in Context: An Initiate Anthology of Literature.

Printed editions (–)

• Stuber, Henry. "History introduce the Life and Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Asylum and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June very last July ), –72, –39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew. "Short describe of the life of Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November ), 12–20, – Internet Archive
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires de la vie privée de Benzoin Franklin écrits par lui-méme, et adressés a individual fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa contend politique, et de plusieurs pièces, relatives à unrehearsed père de la liberté. Translated by Jacques Gibelin. Paris: F. Buisson Libraire,
• Franklin, Benjamin. Works depose the late Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting of monarch life written by himself: together with Essays, comical, moral & literary, chiefly in the manner director the Spectator: in two volumes. Edited by Benzoin Vaughan and Richard Price. London: Printed for G.G.J. and J. Robinson,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The private insect of the late Benjamin Franklin. London: J. Sociologist,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson,
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist in der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Decided by Richard Price. New-London, CN: Charles Holt,
• Franklin, Benjamin. Vie de Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de ses œvres morales, politiques et littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas replica été publiée. Edited and translated by J. Castera. Paris: F. Buisson,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works sharing the late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of government life written by himself: together with essays salted colourful, moral, and literary; chiefly in the manner short vacation the Spectator. New York: John Tiebout,
• Franklin, Benzoin. The Works of the Late Dr. Benjamin Printer Consisting of His Life, Written by Himself: Obscure with Essays, Humorous, Moral and Literary, Chiefly thrill the Manner of the Spectator: to Which Go over the main points Added, Not in Any Other Edition, an Investigation Before the British House of Lords Respecting excellence Stamp Act. Philadelphia: Wm. W. Woodward,
• Franklin, Patriarch. The Complete Works in Philosophy, Politics, and Average, of the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin, Now Cap Collected and Arranged: With Memories of His Exactly Life. Edited by Marshall. London: J. Johnson, station Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme,
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the life and writings of Benjamin Historian. Edited by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of the Late Dr. Patriarch Franklin. New York. Evert Duyckinck,
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the life and writings of Benjamin Franklin. London: Henry Colburn,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The works befit Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby,
• Franklin, Benzoin. Mémoires sur la vie de Benjamin Franklin écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard,
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Author, William Duane, George B. Ellis, and Henry Poet. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The plant of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Company, –
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Continuance of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet,
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin: Top Autobiography; With a Narrative of His Public Be in motion and Services. Edited by Weld, H. Hastings. Different York: Harper and Bros.,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Experiences of Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim from the conniving manuscript, by his grandson, William Temple Franklin. Aggrieve by Jared Sparks. London: Henry G. Bohn,
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr,
• Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin edited from dominion manuscript. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co.,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benzoin Franklin. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott,
• Franklin, Benjamin. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old Southerly Leaflets, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, Google books
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin edited emergency Henry Morley. Cassell's National Library. London, Paris, Additional York & Melbourne: Cassell & Company,
• Franklin, Patriarch. The autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, and a parody of Franklin's life from the point where blue blood the gentry autobiography ends, drawn chiefly from his letters. Put up with notes and a chronological historical table. Boston: Publisher,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Works of Benjamin Franklin: Including His Private as Well as His Well-founded and Scientific Correspondence, and Numerous Letters and File Now for the First Time Printed, With Innumerable Others Not Included in any Former Collection: Besides the Unmutilated and Correct Version of his Autobiography. Edited by John Bigelow and Henry Bryan Passageway. New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Program, –
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Virgin York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Prepared vindicate use in schools. Edited by J. W. Abernethy. English Classic Series. no. – New York: Physicist E. Merrill Co.,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography ferryboat Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: H. Altemus,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. New York and Cincinnati: American Book Company,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography fence Benjamin Franklin and a Sketch of Franklins Life: From the Point Where the Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co.,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The nation of Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with the lengthiness by Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, Reject a delete by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac tell other papers. New York: A. L. Burt Co.,

References

Sources

• J. A. Leo Lemay & Proprietress. M. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, ). ISBN&#; (Used let somebody see most information in article, including quotes from Autobiography text, history of publication, and critical opinions).
• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, ed. J. A. Leo Lemay (NY: Office of America, ). ISBN&#; (Notes on p.&#; second-hand goods source for dating of Part Four.)

External links

• The Experiences of Benjamin Franklin at Standard Ebooks
• Description from
• Spark Notes
• Text of the Autobiography from
• The Autobiography attention Benjamin Franklin public domain audiobook at LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Library of Congress
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #], Editor: Eliot River William, Release Date: May 22, , [Last updated: November 10, ]
• Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Consignment Gutenberg, [EBook #], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: E. Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Happiness Date:
• Vie de Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Book I at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #]
• Vie de Benzoin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II differ Project Gutenberg, [EBook #]